PEE analysis: Reading

In the reading, Tom mispronunces the "red bow tie" as "boo" as he is unable to know how to pronounce the "ow" phoneme that is used in "bow." As "bow tie" is an uncommon word of a clothing item, it highlights why Tom may have a confusion with how to say the word because it is not a local topic that they always are hearing. This may, also, be due to the fact that many "ow" phoneme can be pronounced in a number of ways. This is similar to the "ough" orthographical cluster as it is pronounced in up to 8 ways and a child must learn the different ways that they have to say it. This is due to the fact that we have a defective orthography as we do not have a system where we can spell a word as it sounds. This is mainly due to 'The Great Vowel Shift' where our vowels and phonemes have changed in the 1700's and the spelling remained the same but the sound of the phoneme has changed. Through Tom's mispronunciation, it is 'normal' as the child is still learning how the orthography works and the irregular phoneme sounds that are made.

PEE: Language change

http://www.bl.uk/learning/images/texts/cooks/large1435.html

The Art of Cooking shows how old cooking books would use language, allowing a reader to see how it has changed. This is seen with instead of being step by step guides with recipe lists, we have a paragraph, representing that people would have known the recipes so it was only for reference

In 'The Art of Cooking', the instruction of the imperative "drudge it with a little Flour to make a fine froth." The use of the verb "drudge" is used, which seems to be an archaic word that is not used in common speech. It seems to suggest cooking the meat with flour instead of using the word "braise". This is seen as we have borrowed the word from French as our language has become more similar. This could suggest through Chomsky's theory that we have a Universal Grammar between different French as the word has been coined her for the same meaning and shows that we have the same sort of meanings. 


http://www.bl.uk/learning/images/texts/dict/transcript1402.html

In the Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, we see the dictionary changes and how words have adapted due to the use of the word being changed. It is evident that the

The use of the word "smug" has broadened and changed in its meaning since it was written in the dictionary in 1785. With it originally being "a nick name for a blacksmith, also neat and spruce" being borrowed and originating from German "Smuk". However, it seems to have pejorated and now has more negative connotations meaning that someone is cunning and evil and self satisfied with themselves. It seems to show how the adjectives meaning has changed due to Blacksmith's not being a common occupation anymore.